Have you ever thought about how and why something was designed? Who was considered a “stakeholder” for the design? And what biases are baked within the process of designing something? These are some ...

FLO, offers practical guidance on leveraging artificial intelligence, digital twins and streamlined workflows to improve ...

Once upon a time, integrated circuits (ICs) were built by the same companies that designed them. The design of an IC was tightly integrated with the manufacturing processes available within each ...

Process design kits consist of a set of files that typically contain descriptions of the basic building blocks of the process. They are expressed, algorithmically, as Pcells. These descriptions are ...

Designers rely on the accuracy of Process Design Kits (PDK¡¦s) for their IC designs. This paper describes independent verification of the PDK accuracy using a low-cost Die Level Process Monitor (DLPM) ...

Process intensification and design encompass a suite of innovative methodologies aimed at achieving radical improvements in efficiency, sustainability, and economic viability in chemical processing ...

Appropriate use of sound science applied at critical junctures will improve efficiency in the high-wire act of drug development. Pharmaceutical companies walk a tightrope in early drug development.

Watch as a group of young engineers use the design process to build a bike trailer. Watch as a group of young engineers at the Acera School use the design process to build a trailer to transport ...

The author reviews the draft guidance on process validation, its QbD applications, and its potential impact on sterile manufacturing operations. Individuals working in pharmaceutical sterile ...

Following in the footsteps of the other review programs at the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Office of Pharmaceutical Science, the Office of Biotechnology Products (OBP) is currently in the ...